September 8, 2013

What are ASSETS?

Arthur Sullivan describes in his book ‘Economics: Principles in action’ that “assets represent the value of ownership that can be converted into cash”. It's an economic resource, It can also be seen as the “possessions which are tangible or intangible in nature which can be en-cashed” So, what are the different kinds of assets? Let’s look at them a little deeper. 
  • Cash: Money that a firm can count in the form of currency. It is the most liquid or handy money available to the firm.
  • Bank deposits: Banks are authorized institutions to manage money. The firm keeps its money in the current account (a/c). Individual’s money is kept in saving a/c. Surplus money can also be invested in fixed deposit a/c to earn more interest. This is second most liquid form of assets.
  • Stock/Share: Often, surplus money is invested in the shares. By trading these shares, you can generate some immediate cash. But it is important to understand and accept that the trading of stocks/shares is a risky proposition and a business in itself. Thus, sufficient knowledge and understanding of the stock industry is required before you step into this venture. 
  • Mutual fund: Mutual fund is also an investment in shares. The difference here is that your shares are managed by recognized financial institutions. You can read about nine basic concepts associate with mutual funds here
  • Foreign exchange: The practice of currency trading is also commonly referred to as foreign exchange, Forex or FX. Every country has its own set of rules for trading in Forex. This is similar to stock market where return on investment is not guaranteed due to its speculative nature.
  • Movable and immovable assets: Most likely, this is where your major block of assets will be lying. Immovable asset is an asset that cannot be moved without destroying or altering it. For example, an estate or a house. Whereas movable assets are those which can be transferred from one place to the other without any damage or alterations. For example, stocks, cash, furniture, vehicles, office equipments, jewellery, etc.
  • Intangible assets: This is not reflected in the account statement, but you build it significantly if you understand the importance of it. By and large, intangible assets cover goodwill, patent, franchise, copyright etc.
Additionally, assets can also be categorized as:

Fixed assets: It is a term used in accounting for assets that cannot easily be converted into cash. For example, furniture and equipments, property and buildings, vehicles, etc.
1.   Current assets: These are assets available to the owner as an immediate source of money. For example, cash on hand, fees receivable, pre-paid expenses, insurance, bank deposits etc.
Read more interesting articles about Financial Management:

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